Study Renewable Energy

Study Renewable Energy – A study by Germany’s Lappeenranta University of Technology (LUT) and the Energy Watch Group (EEC) says that a global switch to exclusive use of renewable energy is possible before 2050 (iStock)

According to a new study by the Lappeenranta University of Technology (LUT) and the Energy Watch Group (EEC), a global switch to exclusive use of renewable energy sources is not only possible, but cheaper and safer than reliance on fossil fuels and nuclear energy. . ) from Germany.

Study Renewable Energy

The study says that the rapid development of renewable energy sources and energy storage technologies will enable the entire planet to reduce CO2 emissions to zero before the current deadline by 2050.

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The report is the first to suggest a cost-effective, comprehensive and global approach to keeping average global warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius. It is also a planet-wide climate resilience plan that suggests not using carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) techniques to mechanically remove CO2 from the atmosphere.

According to the model, around 69% of the world’s energy in 2050 would come from solar panels, 18% from wind, 3% from hydroelectric systems and 6% from bioenergy.

Fossil fuels and nuclear energy would not be needed at all. Cars, planes and ships would run on CO2-neutral synthetic fuels made from hydrogen and carbon dioxide.

The report is the first to suggest a cost-effective, comprehensive and global approach to keeping average global warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius. (Nancy Russell / CBC)

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The analysis shows that its broad plans for all sectors – energy production, heating, traffic, water supply and others – can be financed with the savings achieved by completely eliminating fossil fuels.

The research group concluded that the energy revolution is a matter of political will, not technology or financing.

“The research was based on the belief that fast and effective climate protection is the only way to save a planet worth living on for future generations,” says the foreword to a research paper by Hans-Josef Fell of the EQG.

“This project was created to show how technological and economic events open the door to a much faster and more drastic transition to renewable energy sources, to trigger even more dynamic technological development around the world, and also to give the opportunity for all regions of the world to achieve energy independence and peace and conflict, take advantage of solution perspectives.

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The LUT and the EEC promised in their research that the large amount of information on which the model is based will be used to develop guidelines for the transition to renewable energy for all countries of the world.

“The study shows that all countries can and should accelerate the achievement of the goals of the Paris Agreement,” said Christian Breyer, who leads the 14-person research project at the Lubuskie University of Technology.

The team model uses hourly simulations of global energy production and consumption in five-year phases in 2015-2050. Such data has never been collected.

The group studies Swedish activist Greta Thunberg and the global movement she inspired, #FridaysForFuture, in which students organize a climate strike every Friday instead of going to school. In March, over a million people marched around the world in search of better measures to combat climate change. If you improve by 1% every day, you will improve 37 times by the end of the year.

Renewable Energy And Sustainability

When I first read the above quote, I was shocked. In fact, learning is a slow but continuous process. When someone goes on a journey to learn a new skill, it is normal to slowly develop at first. Once a person has mastered the basics, development is quite difficult. And if a person continues to try, he may master this skill in the long run. This is the crux of the above quote which is quite clear in the argument below.

In fact, acquiring knowledge or skills in a specific field is not a seamless process. There are a few challenges along the way. The curve that holistically resembles an educational journey is called the learning curve. It is a graphical representation of a domain’s skills or expertise over a period of time invested.

The shape of the learning curve may vary depending on the context. It can be linear, s-curve, or even exponential. The S-curve (sigmoidal function) is a generalized form of a learning curve, gradually accumulating small steps towards the beginning. This is followed by larger steps, and then smaller steps again as the learning reaches the maturity stage.

The concept of the learning curve also applies to economics. Every product on the market goes through four main stages of its life cycle:

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The increase in sales or production volume of a product over its life cycle is similar to what is learned through the learning process. As the production volume of a product increases, the experience associated with it grows, which gains in efficiency over time. Thus, an increase in the cumulative production volume leads to a reduction in the unit cost of the product. This effect is known as the learning curve effect or the experience curve effect.

The use of renewable energy technologies, in particular renewable energy (VRE), has increased significantly over the last decade. Energy technologies such as wind energy and solar energy are called VRE because of their discontinuity and uncertainty. In the following sections, I will analyze trends, drivers and the impact of learning curves in implementing VRE in 2010-2020.

According to the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), the total installed capacity of renewable energy technology has more than doubled from around 1,300 GW in 2010 to almost 2,900 GW in 2020 (IRENA, 2021a). While renewable energy technologies such as hydropower and biomass have seen moderate growth over the last decade, the installation of VRE technology has been exponential at the same time.

Solar photovoltaics has been the most widespread technology in the world in the last decade. The installed solar photovoltaic capacity has increased almost 18 times, from 40 GW in 2010 to 710 GW in 2020. Onshore wind technology was next. Thereafter, the installed capacity almost quadrupled from 178 GW in 2010 to almost 700 GW. 2020. Although the installed capacity of offshore wind and concentrated solar energy (CSP) technologies also increased during this period, the total installed capacity of these technologies remains relatively small. Overall, the installed capacity of VRE increased almost six and a half times from 222 GW in 2010 to 1,448 GW in 2020 as shown in the graph below.

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As seen in the picture below. The data frame used to generate the chart above is available at the base below.

The need to decarbonise the energy mix to mitigate climate change is undoubtedly one of the main drivers of the increase in the use of VRE technology over the past decade. However, the market is always driven by the cost of the product. Whenever there are several options on the market that meet our goals, we choose the most profitable one.

The capital cost of VRE technology has steadily decreased over the past decade and continues to decline today (IRENA, 2021b). In 2010-2020, the capital cost of photovoltaics decreased more than fivefold from USD 4,731 / kW to USD 883 / kW. In the same period, the capital cost of onshore wind power fell from $ 1,971 / kW to $ 1,349 / kW.

As the capital costs of these technologies have decreased, the cost of generating electricity (LCOE) from these technologies has also decreased significantly over the years. As a result, VRE technologies have become increasingly cost-competitive with fossil fuel technologies in recent years. According to IRENA, the global weighted average LCOE of new power increments for solar PV, onshore wind, offshore wind and CSP decreased by 85%, 56%, 48% and 68%, respectively, over the period 2010-2020 (IRENA, 2021b). ).

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The rapid decline in capital costs and LCOE of renewable energy technologies compared to non-renewable energy technologies can be attributed to the fact that renewable energy technologies follow the learning curve, while non-renewable does. This means that while the LCOE of fossil fuels and nuclear energy depends on fuel price and operating costs, renewable energy technologies have no fuel costs, have relatively low operating costs, and therefore the LCOE of renewable energy technologies is highly dependent. the cost of the technology itself.

“For every doubling of the cumulative installed capacity, the cost is reduced by an average percentage known as the learning rate.”

Equation showing the relationship between capital costs and the cumulative power installed in the start and end periods based on the learning parameter. Author’s image.

Based on the learning curve effect, renewable energy technologies move into a positive circle. For example, the use of solar photovoltaics is increasing to meet the growing demand for electricity in the region. As it grows

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