Types Of Renewable Energy – Open Access Policy Institutional Open Access Program Special Issues Guidelines for Research Editorial Process and Publication Ethics Award for Testimony Payment Process
All articles published by them are immediately available worldwide under an open access license. No special permission is required to reuse all or part of articles published by , including figures and tables. For articles published under a Creative Commons CC BY license, any part of the article may be used without permission as long as the original article is clearly cited.
Types Of Renewable Energy
Distinctive papers represent cutting-edge research with significant potential for major impact in the field. Distinctive papers are submitted by individual invitation or recommendation by scientific editors and undergo peer review before publication.
Best Solar Energy Stocks To Invest In 2022
A feature paper can be either an original research article, a substantial new research study often involving multiple techniques or approaches, or a comprehensive review paper with concise and precise updates on recent advances in the field that systematically reviews the most interesting scientific developments. References This type of paper provides perspective on future research directions or possible applications.
Editors’ Choice articles are based on the recommendations of scientific editors of journals around the world. The editors select a small number of recently published journal articles that they believe will be of particular interest to the author or the field. The aim is to provide a snapshot of some of the most interesting papers published in the various research areas of the journal.
By Ram Avtar 1, *, Netrananda Sahu 2, 3, Ashwani Kumar Agarwal 4, Shamik Chakraborty 5, Ali Harazi 6, 7, Ali P. Yunus 8, Ji Dow 9 and Tony Agustino Kurniawan 10
Key Laboratory of Coastal Ecosystems and Wetlands (Xiamen University), Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
Renewable Energy Examples
Received: 30 June 2019 / Revised: 9 August 2019 / Accepted: 15 August 2019 / Published: 19 August 2019
Renewable energy sources have received much attention in recent decades. This is partly due to the fact that fossil fuels are dwindling and the need for energy is growing due to the growing world population. This paper attempts to give an idea of what researchers in the field of remote sensing and geographic information systems (GIS) are doing to explore renewable energy sources to achieve a more sustainable future. Some studies related to renewable energy sources, ie. Geothermal energy, wind energy, hydropower, biomass and solar energy are considered in this paper. The focus of this review paper is to explore how remote sensing and GIS-based techniques have been useful in researching optimal sites for renewable energy sources. Also included in this paper are several case studies from different parts of the world that use these techniques when investigating renewable energy sites of various types. Although each of the remote sensing and GIS techniques used for renewable energy research seems to be effectively marketed among others, it is important to remember that in reality, a combination of different techniques is most effective for them. Throughout the paper, many issues related to the use of remote sensing and GIS for renewable energy are examined from both current and future perspectives and potential solutions are proposed. The authors believe that the conclusions and recommendations from the case studies and literature reviewed in this study will be of great value to renewable energy scientists and policy makers.
Geothermal energy; wind energy; biomass; energy solar energy; renewable energy sources; fossil fuel geothermal energy; wind energy; biomass; energy solar energy; renewable energy sources; Fossil fuel
Non-renewable energy resources based on fossil fuels such as coal, oil, natural gas, and wood fuel are widely used for electricity generation, transportation, home heating, and in manufacturing industries, among others. However, non-renewable energy sources are decreasing due to the increasing demand for energy due to the growing population [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. With the growing recognition and scientific consensus of the threat of climate change in the global community, they have put the spotlight in recent years on the need to phase out fossil fuels and transition to renewable sources [4]. That is why it is necessary to find alternative sources of energy, because the need for energy will always exist. The share of renewable energy sources has increased significantly in electricity generation, heating systems and transportation in urban areas [5]. This paper focuses on five types of renewable energy sources, viz. geothermal, wind, biomass, hydro and solar energy (Figure 1).
What Are The Five Major Types Of Renewable Energy?
Geothermal energy is considered a viable option for the environment. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) special report on renewable energy sources, climate change is unlikely to have a major negative impact on the reliability of geothermal energy, but the widespread use of geothermal energy could play an important role in many . Reduce greenhouse gas emissions [6]. In addition, modern reservoir management technologies, together with the continuous natural recovery of heat from earth processes ensure the sustainable use of geothermal systems. Geothermal energy is physically produced from heat that primarily comes from the decay of radioactive isotopes that occur naturally in the earth. Internal thermal combustion is estimated to generate a total thermal energy at a depth of 10 km of 1.3 × 10 .
Barrel of oil [7]. Considering that the total global energy consumption is equivalent to approximately 100,000,000 barrels of oil per day, geothermal energy can theoretically supply energy needs for six million years [8]. Geothermal resources can be broadly classified into three categories: hydrothermal or convective systems, conduction systems, and deep aquifers. Hydrothermal (convective) systems can be either steam or water [9]. Characteristic surface manifestations include hot springs, fumaroles, and chemically altered rocks. However, sometimes there are no such surface manifestations. Currently, conductive systems include hot rock and igneous resources, and deep aquifers contain fluids moving through porous media at depths greater than 3 km, but without a local igneous heat source. Electricity can be produced by steam or by using high hydrocarbon steam to drive turbine generators to produce electrons. Currently, geothermal energy accounts for approximately 0.4% of the world’s global energy production, with a growth rate of 5%. In contrast, solar energy currently provides less than 0.2% of global energy production, but has a high growth rate of approximately 25–30% [10]. Currently, the total installed capacity for geothermal resources worldwide is 10,898 MW, which corresponds to approximately 67,246 GWh of electricity [6].
Wind energy, another alternative to fossil fuels, is an abundant, renewable and clean source. Wind power converts wind energy into electricity. Small onshore wind farms provide electricity in isolated locations. Statistics show that wind energy sources are among the fastest growing energy sources in the world. From 2000-2006, wind energy sources have quadrupled, with many new projects in China, USA, Denmark among other countries [11, 12]. The potential of a wind energy project depends greatly on the location of the project. A proper pre-investment assessment helps predict project outcomes and reduces uncertainty [13]. The main success characteristics of a wind energy project lie in factors such as wind power density, height above mean sea level, terrain topography, road network connectivity, proximity to electricity. network, and the distance from the protected areas [14]. According to the location, the wind farms are divided into two categories and that. Onshore and offshore [15]. Wind farms located on land are commonly known as onshore farms. For onshore wind farm projects, land topography and surface roughness are taken into account. Proximity to the transmission and road network is also considered. For onshore wind farms, satellite images are mainly analyzed to check the feasibility of their location and altitude [16]. The satellite imagery establishes guidelines for further decision-making in the case of wind farm projects.
Along with satellite imagery, Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), Sound Detection and Ranging (SODAR), and Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) are also widely used in wind farms. The use of remote sensing helps to optimize the installation process of mast-based sensors [17]. Wind farms located in lakes, rivers, seas are known as offshore wind farms. In offshore wind farms, resources need to be qualified before they are financed. In offshore wind energy, remote sensing can be used in three different ways: land, airborne and satellite. Ground-based techniques are effective in cases where large wind turbines are to be installed and meteorological masses do not allow observation through the plane of the rotor [18]. It is often used at heights of approximately 100 m to 200 m above ground level [19].
Different Types Of Renewable Energy
Perennial biomass crops and fast-growing non-food crops have the potential to offer sustainable bioenergy production [20]. Biomass refers to biological material from living organisms or plants. It is one of the most commonly used energy sources in less industrialized countries
New types of renewable energy, renewable energy sources types, two types of renewable energy, different types of renewable energy, five types of renewable energy, three types of renewable energy, types of renewable energy sources, 5 types of renewable energy, 6 types of renewable energy, 3 types of renewable energy, types of renewable energy systems, four types of renewable energy
Renewable Energy And Wildlife Conservation
READ
Author by : Christopher E. Moorman
Languange Used : en
Release Date : 2019-09-10
Publisher by : JHU Press
ISBN :
Description : Brings together disparate conversations about wildlife conservation and renewable energy, suggesting ways these two critical fields can work hand in hand. Renewable energy is often termed simply "green energy," but its effects on wildlife and other forms of biodiversity can be quite complex. While capturing renewable resources like wind, solar, and energy from biomass can require more land than fossil fuel production, potentially displacing wildlife habitat, renewable energy infrastructure can also create habitat and promote species health when thoughtfully implemented. The authors of Renewable Energy and Wildlife Conservation argue that in order to achieve a balanced plan for addressing these two crucially important sustainability issues, our actions at the nexus of these fields must be directed by current scientific information related to the ecological effects of renewable energy production. Synthesizing an extensive, rapidly growing base of research and insights from practitioners into a single, comprehensive resource, contributors to this volume • describe processes to generate renewable energy, focusing on the Big Four renewables—wind, bioenergy, solar energy, and hydroelectric power • review the documented effects of renewable energy production on wildlife and wildlife habitats • consider current and future policy directives, suggesting ways industrial-scale renewables production can be developed to minimize harm to wildlife populations • explain recent advances in renewable power technologies • identify urgent research needs at the intersection of renewables and wildlife conservation Relevant to policy makers and industry professionals—many of whom believe renewables are the best path forward as the world seeks to meet its expanding energy needs—and wildlife conservationists—many of whom are alarmed at the rate of renewables-related habitat conversion—this detailed book culminates with a chapter underscoring emerging opportunities in renewable energy ecology. Contributors: Edward B. Arnett, Brian B. Boroski, Regan Dohm, David Drake, Sarah R. Fritts, Rachel Greene, Steven M. Grodsky, Amanda M. Hale, Cris D. Hein, Rebecca R. Hernandez, Jessica A. Homyack, Henriette I. Jager, Nicole M. Korfanta, James A. Martin, Christopher E. Moorman, Clint Otto, Christine A. Ribic, Susan P. Rupp, Jake Verschuyl, Lindsay M. Wickman, T. Bently Wigley, Victoria H. Zero...
Renewable Energy Conversion Systems
READ
Author by : Muhammad Kamran
Languange Used : en
Release Date : 2021-05-15
Publisher by : Academic Press
ISBN :
Description : Fundamentals of Renewable Energy Systems goes beyond theoretical aspects of advances in renewable energy and addresses future trends. By focusing on the design of developing technologies, relevant operation and detailed background and an understanding of the application of power electronics and thermodynamics processes in renewable energy, this book provides an analysis of advancing energy systems. The book will be of interest to engineering graduates, researchers, professors and industry professionals involved in the renewable energy sector and is ideal for advanced engineering courses dealing with renewable energy, sources, thermal and electrical energy production and sustainability. With increasing focus on developing low carbon energy production, audiences need to have the engineering knowledge and practical skills to develop and implement creative solutions to engineering problems encountered with renewable energy technologies. By looking at renewable energy capture and conversion, system design and analysis, project development and implementation, each modular chapter examines recent advances in specific renewable energy systems with detailed methods, calculations and worked examples. Includes recent techniques used to design and model different renewable energy sources (RES) Demonstrates how to use power electronics in renewable systems Discusses how to identify, design, integrate and operate the most suitable technologies through key problems...
Deploying Renewables
READ
Author by : International Energy Agency
Languange Used : en
Release Date : 2008
Publisher by : OECD Publishing
ISBN :
Description : Accompanying CD-ROM includes PDF file: Country profiles facts and figures....
Advanced Renewable Energy Sources
READ
Author by : G. N. Tiwari
Languange Used : en
Release Date : 2012
Publisher by : Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN :
Description : "Advanced Renewable Energy Sources" is a unique book dealing with all types of renewable energy resources. It is aimed at scientists but it is also a textbook for science students....
Renewable
READ
Author by : Jeremy Shere
Languange Used : en
Release Date : 2013-11-26
Publisher by : Macmillan + ORM
ISBN :
Description : Where does the energy we use come from? It's absolutely vital to every single thing we do every day, but for most people, it is utterly invisible. Flick a switch and the lights go on. It might as well be magic. Science writer Jeremy Shere shows us in Renewable: The World-Changing Powerof Alternative Energy that energy is anything but magical. Producing it in fossil fuel form is a dirty, expensive—but also hugely profitable— enterprise, with enormous but largely hidden costs to the entire planet. The cold, hard fact is that at some point we will have wrung the planet dry of easily accessible sources of fossil fuel. And when that time comes, humankind will have no choice but to turn—or, more accurately, return—to other, cleaner, renewable energy sources. What will those sources be? How far have we come to realizing the technologies that will make these sources available? To find the answers, Shere began his journey with a tour of a traditional coal-fueled power plant in his home state of Indiana. He then continued on, traveling from coast to coast as he spoke to scientists, scholars and innovators. He immersed himself in the green energy world: visiting a solar farm at Denver's airport, attending the Wind Power Expo and a wind farm tour in Texas, investigating turbines deep in New York City's East River, and much more. Arranged in five parts—Green Gas, Sun, Wind, Earth, and Water—Renewable tells the stories of the most interesting and promising types of renewable energy: namely, biofuel, solar, wind, geothermal, and hydropower. But unlike many books about alternative energy, Renewable is not obsessed with megawatts and tips for building home solar panels. Instead, Shere digs into the rich, surprisingly long histories of these technologies, bringing to life the pioneering scientists, inventors, and visionaries who blazed the way for solar, wind, hydro, and other forms of renewable power, and unearthing the curious involvement of great thinkers like Henry Ford, Thomas Edison, and Nicola Tesla. We are at an important crossroads in the history of renewable technologies. The possibilities are endless and enticing, and it has become increasingly clear that renewable energy is the way of the future. In Renewable, Jeremy Shere's natural curiosity and serious research come together in an entertaining and informative guide to where renewable energy has been, where it is today, and where it's heading....
The Science Of Renewable Energy
READ
Author by : Frank R. Spellman
Languange Used : en
Release Date : 2016-04-19
Publisher by : CRC Press
ISBN :
Description : As time goes forward, the availability of affordable and accessible petroleum products decreases while the negative environmental impact increases. If we want to sustain our current way of life, which includes massive energy consumption, it is necessary to find alternatives to fossil fuels to prevent fuel shortages and to preserve and repair the environment around us. The Science of Renewable Energy presents a no-nonsense discussion of the importance of renewable energy, while adhering to scientific principles, models, and observations. The text includes in-depth discussions of emerging technologies, including biomass and fuel cells, and major sources of renewable energy, such as ocean, hydro, solar, and wind energy. To provide a fundamental understanding of the basic concepts of renewable energy, the book also offers an extensive discussion on the basics of electricity, since it is applied to and produced from all forms of renewable energy. While emphasizing the technical aspects and practical applications of renewable sources, the text also covers the economic, social, and policy implications of large-scale implementation. The main focus of the book is on methods of obtaining energy from self-replenishing natural processes while limiting pollution of the atmosphere, water, and soil, as this is a critical pathway for the future. Exploring the subject from a scientific perspective highlights the need for renewable energy and helps to evaluate the task at hand. The book is written for a wide range of readers, including students of diverse backgrounds and individuals in the energy industries, and presents the material in a user-friendly manner. Even individuals can have an impact on the quest to develop renewable energy sources. The concepts and guidelines described provide critical scientific rationale for pursuing clean and efficient energy sources as well as the knowledge needed to understand the complex issues involved. Woven with real-life situations, the text presents both the advantages and challenges of the different types of renewable energy....
Renewable Energies
READ
Author by : Matthias Gross
Languange Used : en
Release Date : 2014-09-15
Publisher by : Routledge
ISBN :
Description : Renewable Energy normally refers to usable energy sources that are an alternative to fuel sources, but without the negatively evaluated consequences of the replaced fuels. Although energy issues have a long tradition in sociology and other social sciences, it may now be high time to conceptualize these in sociological terms as the lynchpin in our understanding of the way societies are set to develop in the 21st century. This concise book focuses on sociological attempts at better framing contemporary theories of energy transformations and to deliver an accessible overview on the relationships between different types of renewable energy sources and their practical usages in modern societies. A strong focus is laid upon new forms of environmental governance and unavoidable knowledge gaps triggered by attempts to transform contemporary energy systems to renewable ones. Critical topics include the challenge of transition from centralized to decentralized system structures, the integration of renewable energies into existing energy structures or the replacement of these, coping strategies to unforeseen risks and conflict issues, and socio-cultural reservations to new technologies connected to renewable energies....
