What Makes Solar Energy Green – This article describes the radiation and heat from the sun used using various technologies. For more information on electricity generation using solar energy, see Photovoltaic. For the academic journal, see Solar ergy (journal).
Solar energy is the bright light and heat from the sun that is used using a variety of technologies to generate electricity, such as photovoltaics, solar energy (including solar water heaters), and solar energy construction.
What Makes Solar Energy Green
It is an essential source of renewable energy, and its technology is broadly defined as passive solar or active solar, depending on how it captures and distributes solar energy or converts it into solar energy. Active solar technologies include the use of photovoltaic systems, concentrated photovoltaics and solar water heaters to harness energy. Passive solar techniques include orienting buildings towards the sun, choosing materials with suitable thermal mass or light emitting properties, and designing spaces for natural air circulation.
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The availability of large amounts of solar energy makes it a very attractive source of electricity. Solar energy is the cheapest source of electricity in 2020.
A power purchase agreement (ppa) for Al-Faisaliah’s new solar power plant was signed in Saudi Arabia in April 2021. The project broke the record with 1.04 cents/kWh, the world’s lowest solar power generation cost.
In 2011, International ergy Agcy said: , more sustainable, less polluting, lower costs to reduce global warming… These benefits are global. ”.
Average solar radiation. The theoretical area of a small black spot is sufficient to meet the world’s total energy demand of 18 TW with solar energy.
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About 30% is reflected back into space, the remaining 122 PW is absorbed by clouds, oceans and landmasses. The spectrum of sunlight at the Earth’s surface covers most of the visible and near-infrared regions, and a small portion is in the near-ultraviolet region.
Solar radiation is absorbed by the earth’s land surface, the oceans, which make up about 71% of the earth’s surface, and the atmosphere. Warm air containing evaporating moisture from the ocean rises, creating atmospheric circulation or convection. When the air reaches the cooler highlands, the water vapor condenses into clouds and the rain falls to the surface, completing the water cycle. The heat of water condensation strengthens convection and produces atmospheric forms such as winds, cyclones and anticyclones.
Through photosynthesis, green plants convert solar energy into chemically stored energy, producing biomass from which food, wood and fossil fuels are derived.
The total solar energy absorbed by the Earth’s atmosphere, oceans and land masses is approximately 122 PW·years = 3,850,000 ekjoules (EJ) per year.
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In 2002 (2019), that one hour (1 hour 25 minutes) was more energy than the world uses in a year.
The amount of solar energy potentially available to humans is different from the amount of solar energy held close to the surface. This is because factors such as geography, time changes, cloud cover, and terrain available to humans limit the amount of solar energy available to us. The Carbon Tracker initiative estimates that 450,000 square kilometers of land will be needed in 2021 to generate all energy from the sun alone. This is roughly the area of Sweden, Morocco or California (0.3% of the Earth’s total land area).
Geography affects solar energy potential, as areas closer to the equator receive more solar radiation. However, with solar energy that can track the position of the sun, the solar energy potential can be greatly increased in regions far from the equator.
Changes in time affect the potential of solar energy. This is because at night there is very little solar radiation on the earth’s surface, which solar panels absorb. This limits the amount of energy the solar panel can absorb in a day. Clouds can affect the potential of solar panels as they block light from the sun and reduce the light available to solar cells.
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Additionally, solar panels can only be installed on unused land suitable for solar panels, so land availability has a significant impact on available solar energy. The roof is a good place for solar cells. Many people have found that this way they can harvest energy directly from their homes. Other suitable areas for solar cells are unused land where solar power plants can be built.
Solar technology can be characterized as passive or active depending on how it captures, converts and scatters sunlight and captures varying levels of solar energy around the world, mainly depending on its distance from the equator. Solar energy mainly refers to the use of solar radiation for practical ds, but all renewable sources except geothermal and tidal power derive their energy directly or indirectly from the sun.
Active solar technology uses photovoltaics, concentrator photovoltaics, solar collectors, pumps and fans to convert sunlight into useful output. Passive solar technology involves selecting materials with suitable thermal properties, designing spaces for natural air circulation, and referencing the position of buildings relative to the sun. Active solar technologies increase the energy supply and are considered supply-side technologies, while passive solar technologies reduce the need for alternative sources and are generally considered demand-side technologies.
In 2000, the United Nations Development Programme, the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, and the World Energy Council, solar radiation, cloud cover, and solar radiation. land for human use. Estimates suggest solar energy is between 1,600 and 49,800 ekjoules (4.4×10).
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In 1878, Augustin Mouchot successfully demonstrated a solar steam gin at the Paris World’s Fair, but was unable to continue development due to factors such as cheap coal.
In 1897, American inventor, engineer, and pioneer of solar energy, Frank Schumann, placed the sun in a square box filled with ether, which has a lower boiling point than water and has black pipes inside. solar gin that works by reflecting energy. He then drove a steam locomotive. In 1908, Schumann founded the Sun Power Company to build larger solar power plants. ASE Ackermann, technical consultant and British physicist Sir Charles Vernon Boys,
He developed an advanced system that uses mirrors to reflect solar energy into a collector box, bringing the heating capacity to the point where water can be used instead of ether, built a modern steam engine, and made it possible to run a solar engine in 1912. system in tires.
Schumann built the world’s first solar thermal power plant in Maadi, Egypt, in 1912-1913. Its power plant uses a parabolic trough to pump 22,000 liters (4,800 imp gallons; 5,800 US gallons per minute) of water from the Nile to adjacent cotton fields. The outbreak of World War I and the discovery of cheap oil in the 1930s hampered progress in solar power, but Schumann’s vision and basic design was revived in the 1970s, sparking renewed interest in solar thermal energy.
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We have proven the commercial benefits of solar energy in the tropics. He proved that humanity could draw unlimited power from the sun’s rays, especially after oil and coal reserves were depleted. —Frank Schumann, The New York Times, July 2, 1916[26] Hot water supply
Solar hot water systems use sunlight to heat water. In mid-latitudes (between 40°N and 40°S), 60-70% of domestic hot water can be provided by solar heating systems.
The most common types of solar water heaters are drain tube collectors (44%) and glass plate collectors (34%), which are commonly used for domestic hot water. Unglazed plastic collectors (21%) are mostly used to heat swimming pools.
As of 2015, the total installed capacity of solar hot water systems was approximately 436 thermal gigawatts (GW).
Solar Panel On Blue Sky Background, Alternative Energy Concept,clean Energy,green Energy. 4876568 Stock Photo At Vecteezy
Israel and Cyprus are leaders in the use of solar hot water systems per capita, used by more than 90% of households.
In the United States, Canada and Australia, the main use of solar hot water with an installed capacity of 18 GW is pool heating.
In the United States, heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems account for 30% of the energy used in commercial buildings (4.65 EJ/year) and about 50% of the energy used in residential buildings (10.1 EJ/year). .
Solar heating, cooling and ventilation technologies can be used to offset some of this energy. The use of solar energy for heating can be broadly divided into passive and active solar concepts, depending on the presence or absence of active elements such as solar tracking.
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