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What Are The General Characteristics Of Renewable Energy Sources
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Pdf) Renewable Energy And Geopolitics: A Review
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By Ram Avtar 1, * , Netrananda Sahu 2, 3, Ashwani Kumar Aggarwal 4, Shamik Chakraborty 5, Ali Kharrazi 6, 7, Ali P. Yunus 8, Jie Dou 9 and Tonni Agustiono Kurniawan 10
Basic Research of Coastal and Global Environment (Xiamen University), Department of Education, College of Ecology and Environment, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
A Pantropical Assessment Of Deforestation Caused By Industrial Mining
Received: 30 June 2019 / Updated: 9 August 2019 / Received: 15 August 2019 / Published: 19 August 2019
Renewable energy has grown significantly in recent years. This is due to the reduction of fossil fuels and increased energy needs due to the increase in the world’s population. This paper attempts to provide information on what researchers are doing in the field of “remote sensing and geographic information mapping” (GIS) for the study of renewable energy resources to achieve a sustainable future. Many studies related to renewable resources viz. land energy, wind energy, hydro energy, biomass, and solar energy, have been analyzed in this paper. The purpose of this review paper is to examine how remote sensing and GIS can be useful in identifying the best locations for renewable resources. There are many studies from different parts of the world that use the same method in the study of renewable resource areas of various types are also included. Although each method and GIS used to study renewable energy sources seems to sell more than the others, it is important to remember that actually, combining different methods is good for the job. Throughout the paper, many issues related to the use of remote sensing and GIS for renewable energy are explored in terms of current and future perspectives and solutions. The authors believe that the conclusions and recommendations derived from the research studies and literature reviewed in this study will be of great value to renewable energy scientists and policy makers.
Heat energy; spiritual power; biomass; electric power; solar energy; renewable energy; solid fuel that retains heat; spiritual power; biomass; electric power; solar energy; renewable energy; fatty acids
Non-renewable energy sources based on fossil fuels such as coal, oil, natural gas and wood are widely used for power generation, transportation, heating and manufacturing, among others. However, non-renewable energy sources are decreasing due to the increase in energy demand due to population growth [1, 2, 3]. With the growing awareness and scientific consensus about the threat of climate change in the global community, the need to phase out fossil fuels and transition to renewable energy has been highlighted in recent years [4]. That is why it is necessary to find other sources of energy, because the need for energy will always be there. The field of renewable energy sources has increased significantly in electricity production, heating systems and urban transportation [5]. This paper focuses on five types of renewable energy sources namely. geothermal, wind, biomass, hydroelectric and solar (Figure 1).
How The Race For Renewable Energy Is Reshaping Global Politics
Thermal energy is seen as an environmentally viable option. According to the special report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) on renewable sources, climate change does not seem to have a serious impact on the reliability of thermal energy, but the expansion of the use of thermal energy and heat can contribute significantly. reduce greenhouse gas emissions [6]. In addition, modern reservoir management techniques combined with the continuous natural increase in heat from geothermal systems ensure that restrictions can be applied. Geothermal energy comes from the heat produced by the decomposition of natural reserves in the ground. This internal heat source is estimated to provide a total thermal energy at a depth of 10 kilometers of 1.3 × 10.
Oil barrel [7]. Assuming that the amount of energy used in the world is equal to about 100 million barrels of oil per day, geothermal energy can supply energy for six million years [8]. Geothermal systems can be broadly divided into three categories: geothermal or geothermal systems, flow systems, and deep water systems. Convection cooling can be either steam cooled or water controlled [9]. Special water features include hot springs, fumaroles and chemically altered rocks. However, sometimes there are no such signs. Currently, the management system includes hot rocks and magmatic sources, and deep water contains fluids that move through the media at a depth of more than 3 km, but there is no local magmatic hot source. . Electric power can be produced through steam or by using hydrocarbon steam to drive a turbine generator set to produce electricity. Currently, thermal energy accounts for 0.4% of global energy production, with a growth rate of 5%. In contrast, solar energy accounts for less than 0.2% of the world’s electricity production, but has a growth rate of 25-30%. Currently, the total installed capacity for thermal power plants worldwide is 10,898 MW, which is about 67,246 GWh of electricity [6].
Wind energy, which is an alternative to oil, is abundant, renewable and clean. Wind power turns air into electricity. Small wind farms on the coast provide electricity to remote areas. Statistics show that wind energy is one of the fastest growing energy sources in the world. From 2000-2006 wind energy has doubled, with many new projects in China, the United States, Denmark and other countries [11, 12]. The efficiency of the air conditioner is highly dependent on the operating area. A proper pre-financing analysis helps predict project outcomes and reduce uncertainty [13]. The main characteristics of the success of wind energy projects depend on important factors such as wind power, altitude above sea level, terrain, road connections, proximity to electricity, and location. leaving conservation areas [14] . On site, wind farms are divided into two categories viz. On the beach and on the beach [15]. Wind farms located on land are often referred to as offshore farms. For offshore wind farm projects, topography and surface roughness are taken into account. Proximity to transportation and highways is also considered. For offshore wind farms, satellite images are often analyzed to determine location and elevation [16]. Satellite models provide guidance for further decision-making in wind farm projects.
Along with satellite imagery, Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR), Sonic Detection And Ranging (SODAR), and Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) are also widely used in wind farms. The use of “remote sensing” helps to improve the installation process of mast devices [17]. Wind farms in lakes, rivers, oceans are called offshore wind farms. In offshore wind farms, the equipment needs to be secured before the farm can be financed. In outdoor weather conditions, remote sensing can be used in three different ways: ground-based, airborne and satellite. Ground-based methods are excellent in cases when large wind turbines are installed and cannot be used by technical figures in the rotor plane [18]. It is usually used at a height of 100 to 200 meters above the ground [19].
As China’s Energy Mix Shifts To Renewables, Can Power Markets Evolve?
Agricultural crops and non-food crops can provide sustainable bioenergy production [20]. Biomass refers to organic matter from animals or plants. This is one of the most widely used resources in the manufacturing industry
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Operation Characteristics Of Renewable Energy Sources
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Author by : Stanislav Misak
Languange Used : en
Release Date : 2016-11-27
Publisher by : Springer
ISBN :
Description : This book focuses on the operating conditions of wind, photovoltaic and off-grid power systems. It provides data collected from long-term measurements of actual industrial wind and solar farms, and offers detailed analyses of the results. This unique data is supported by a wealth of examples, tables, graphs and drawings based on real-world measurements. By providing comprehensive insights into the operation of renewable energy systems, this book broadens readers’ understanding of energy sources and their practical application....
Environmental Impacts Of Renewable Energy
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Author by : Frank R. Spellman
Languange Used : en
Release Date : 2014-12-02
Publisher by : CRC Press
ISBN :
Description : Renewable Energy Has a Good Side and a Bad Side... Evaluate Both All energy sources affect the environment in which we live. While fossil fuels may essentially do more harm, renewable energy sources can also pose a threat to the environment. Allowing for the various renewable energy sources: solar, wind, hydro, biomass, and geothermal, Environmental Impacts of Renewable Energy examines the environmental effects of all available renewable or alternative sources, as they increasingly play a large part in our energy supply, and provides a counterargument about the benefits of renewable energy. This book discusses both the merits and the physical, mechanical, electrical, and environmental limitations of renewable sources of energy. It discusses the pros and cons of renewable energy, addresses environmental issues and concerns, and determines ways to avoid or minimize these impacts. This text contains nine chapters reviewing in depth: Renewable energy impact on the environment Major renewable energy types Environmental health, safety, and ecological impacts Impact on tribal sacrosanct areas Environmental Impacts of Renewable Energy covers the adverse effects of major renewable energy sources. Environmental engineers working with renewable energy, environmental consultants/managers working with municipalities regarding environmental impact and land use, and undergraduate students taking related courses in environmental college programs can greatly benefit from this text....
Fundamentals And Source Characteristics Of Renewable Energy Systems
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Author by : Radian Belu
Languange Used : en
Release Date : 2019-09-10
Publisher by : CRC Press
ISBN :
Description : This textbook is intended for an audience with little or no power engineering or renewable energy background. The book covers electric energy from alternative energy sources, including solar, wind, water, hydropower, geothermal, and ocean energy. Core issues discussed include wind and solar resource estimates and analysis, solar thermal systems, solar collectors, photovoltaics, wind turbines, geothermal energy, energy small hydropower, wave, tide and ocean energy, and characteristics of energy conversion, control, and electrical aspects. This is one of the most comprehensive textbooks for students, engineers, and professionals who study renewable energy. There are several questions and problems, presented with increasing difficulty, most of which focus on practical applications. The materials and problems are drawn from the author’s extensive experience in renewable energy analysis, assessment, design, control, and the power electronics of wind and solar energy conversion systems. Each section of the book contains several solved examples, as well as practical and advanced discussions, that instill critical thinking and apply to industrial applications. The book is divided into eight chapters and covers the most important aspects of renewable energy sources and technologies....
The Power Of Renewables
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Author by : Chinese Academy of Engineering
Languange Used : en
Release Date : 2011-01-29
Publisher by : National Academies Press
ISBN :
Description : The United States and China are the world's top two energy consumers and, as of 2010, the two largest economies. Consequently, they have a decisive role to play in the world's clean energy future. Both countries are also motivated by related goals, namely diversified energy portfolios, job creation, energy security, and pollution reduction, making renewable energy development an important strategy with wide-ranging implications. Given the size of their energy markets, any substantial progress the two countries make in advancing use of renewable energy will provide global benefits, in terms of enhanced technological understanding, reduced costs through expanded deployment, and reduced greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions relative to conventional generation from fossil fuels. Within this context, the U.S. National Academies, in collaboration with the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE), reviewed renewable energy development and deployment in the two countries, to highlight prospects for collaboration across the research to deployment chain and to suggest strategies which would promote more rapid and economical attainment of renewable energy goals. Main findings and concerning renewable resource assessments, technology development, environmental impacts, market infrastructure, among others, are presented. Specific recommendations have been limited to those judged to be most likely to accelerate the pace of deployment, increase cost-competitiveness, or shape the future market for renewable energy. The recommendations presented here are also pragmatic and achievable....
Electricity Production From Renewable Energies
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Author by : Benoit Robyns
Languange Used : en
Release Date : 2012-12-13
Publisher by : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN :
Description : Energy and environmental issues have caused a marked increase in electricity production from renewable energy sources since the beginning of the 21st Century. The concept of sustainable development and concern for future generations challenge us every day to produce new technologies for energy production, and new patterns of use for these energies. Their rapid emergence can make the understanding and therefore the perception of these new technologies difficult. This book aims to contribute to a better understanding of the new electricity generation technologies by addressing a diverse audience. It presents the issues, sources and means of conversion into electricity using a general approach and develops scientific concepts to understand their main technical characteristics. Systems of electricity generation from renewable energy resources of small to medium powers are presented. The basic electrical concepts necessary for understanding the operating characteristics of these energy converters are introduced, and the constraints and problems of integration in the electrical networks of those means of production are discussed. Several exercises are provided to the reader for evaluation purposes. Contents 1. Decentralized Electricity Production from Renewable Energy, Benoît Robyns. 2. Solar Photovoltaic Power, Arnaud Davigny. 3. Wind Power, Bruno Francois and Benoît Robyns. 4. Terrestrial and Marine Hydroelectricity: Waves and Tides, Benoît Robyns and Antoine Henneton. 5. Thermal Power Generation, Jonathan Sprooten. 6. Integration of the Decentralized Production into the Electrical Network, Benoît Robyns....
Operation Characteristics Of Renewable Energy Sources
READ
Author by : Stanislav Misak
Languange Used : en
Release Date : 2016-10-20
Publisher by : Springer
ISBN :
Description : This book focuses on the operating conditions of wind, photovoltaic and off-grid power systems. It provides data collected from long-term measurements of actual industrial wind and solar farms, and offers detailed analyses of the results. This unique data is supported by a wealth of examples, tables, graphs and drawings based on real-world measurements. By providing comprehensive insights into the operation of renewable energy systems, this book broadens readers’ understanding of energy sources and their practical application....
Introduction To Renewable Energy
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Author by : Vaughn C. Nelson
Languange Used : en
Release Date : 2011-04-25
Publisher by : CRC Press
ISBN :
Description : As the world population grows and places more demand on limited fossil fuels, renewable energy becomes more relevant as part of the solution to the impending energy dilemma. Renewable energy is now included in national policies, with goals for it to be a significant percentage of generated energy within the coming decades. A comprehensive overview, Introduction to Renewable Energy explores how we can use the sun, wind, biomass, geothermal resources, and water to generate more sustainable energy. Taking a multidisciplinary approach, the book integrates economic, social, environmental, policy, and engineering issues related to renewable energy. It explains the fundamentals of energy, including the transfer of energy, as well as the limitations of natural resources. Starting with solar power, the text illustrates how energy from the sun is transferred and stored; used for heating, cooling, and lighting; collected and concentrated; and converted into electricity. A chapter describes residential power usage—including underground and off-grid homes—and houses that are designed to use energy more efficiently or to be completely self-sufficient. Other chapters cover wind power; bioenergy, including biofuel; and geothermal heat pumps; as well as hydro, tidal, and ocean energy. Describing storage as a billion-dollar idea, the book discusses the challenges of storing energy and gives an overview of technologies from flywheels to batteries. It also examines institutional issues such as environmental regulations, incentives, infrastructure, and social costs and benefits. Emphasizing the concept of life-cycle cost, the book analyzes the costs associated with different sources of energy. With recommendations for further reading, formulas, case studies, and extensive use of figures and diagrams, this textbook is suitable for undergraduates in Renewable Energy courses as well as for non-specialists seeking an introduction to renewable energy. Pedagogical Features: End-of-chapter problems Numerous case studies More than 150 figures and illustrations A solutions manual is available upon qualifying course adoption...
