Renewable Energy Science Project

Renewable Energy Science Project – Today we did a science project on geothermal energy. First, I explained that we can use natural resources such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves, and geothermal heat to produce energy known as renewable energy or green energy.

This is the first part of our experiment with geothermal energy. What is geothermal energy? Geothermal energy is energy generated by the heat of the earth.

Renewable Energy Science Project

Means “warmth”. The heat inside the Earth is strong enough to melt rocks. These igneous rocks are known as

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. Because the magma is less dense than the surrounding rock, it rises to the surface. Magma sometimes flows out through cracks in the earth’s crust, erupting from volcanoes as part of the lava. But most of the magma remains below the surface, heating the surrounding rocks and the water trapped in those rocks. Sometimes this water comes out of cracks in the ground and forms pools of hot water (hot springs) or eruptions of hot water and steam (geysers). The rest of the heated water remains in pools below the earth’s surface called geothermal reservoirs.

To demonstrate how to generate energy from the heat of the earth, you will need a petri dish with a lid, a thermometer, a heat-resistant dish (we used a pasta bowl), and hot water. Or you can buy an EIN O geothermal kit.

1. Place the thermometer in the Petri dish, record the temperature reading (16°C) and close the lid.

4. We checked the temperature reading after 5 minutes, which is 29 degrees C (in fact, according to the instructions, it only takes 1 minute).

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As you can see in the image above (sorry, it’s a little blurry), the temperature inside the petri dish rose by 13 degrees in 5 minutes, this is because the steam coming out of the hot water in the dish transfers heat energy. In fact, hot water near the surface of the earth can be brought directly to facilities or factories and used to heat buildings.

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Any cookies that may not be particularly necessary for the operation of the website and are used specifically to collect personal data from users through analytics, advertising, other embedded content are called non-essential cookies. User consent is required before these cookies can be set on your website. Globally, installed renewable energy capacity has increased steadily from 820 GW in 2006 to 2017 GW in 2016 at an annual rate of 8% and is projected to continue. development. Countries are increasingly announcing national and subnational policy instruments to increase the share of renewable energy.

India plans to triple (roughly) its current renewable energy installations from 59 GW to 175 GW by 2022. Renewable energy sources are seen as the energy source of the future, as they allow us to continue economic growth without compromising the environment. However, while renewable energy appears to be the solution to our growing energy needs and climate change mitigation needs, the picture is not so simple. Local residents and civil society groups are increasingly opposed to these projects because they conflict with local livelihoods and have significant environmental impacts. Let’s look at some of these implications in the context of India.

Large-scale solar or wind farms require large tracts of land. Access to land is controversial, especially in developing countries such as India. Renewable energy projects compete for local livelihoods, access to land conservation interests, and other development activities.

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A wind or solar project has a plant load factor (PLF) of 18 to 20%. The thermal plant has a PLF of 65-70%. Therefore, to produce the same amount of electricity as a thermal power plant, a solar or wind power plant must operate three times as much power. As a result, renewable energy projects require more land per megawatt than conventional electricity sources. For example, a typical wind power project requires 15 to 20 acres of land per megawatt. This, combined with the fact that most sites with high natural resource potential for wind and hydraulic projects are located in areas with high rainfall and rich biodiversity, complicates the picture.

Creating a renewable energy project requires cutting down trees, laying power lines and building a substation to transfer electricity to the grid. Wind turbines are massive structures that need to be moved to great heights, thereby significantly affecting the ecology of the landscape. The developers of the project have to widen access roads, which often leads to littering of agricultural land, which hinders agriculture.

In areas with high rainfall, these changes can lead to landslides, conflict with local livelihoods, and massive soil erosion. Small hydroelectric dams are often considered to be the renewable and environmentally friendly counterparts of large hydropower projects. However, diversion of river water can affect flow rates and depths, reduce river flow, and drastically reduce the quality of habitat for fish and aquatic life.

Karnataka has the highest potential for small hydro projects across the country with 4,141 MW and is using 29% of its potential with an existing plant of 1,220.73 MW. Most of these projects are owned by private developers and are located in the high biodiversity areas of the Western Ghats and require deforestation and river diversion. For example, for the 3 MW Beedalli Mini Hydel project, located in the buffer zone of the Pushpagiri Wildlife Sanctuary, a dam, a head tunnel, a wave bar, a power plant and discharge lines were to be built in the buffer zone of the national park. The 24 megawatt Kuke hydroelectric power plant, located at the confluence of the Kumaradhara and Gundiya rivers, has become a scene of protests by local residents as it threatens their traditional life and also threatens the protected forest.

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In addition, the Federal Ministry for the Environment, Forests and Climate Change has exempted wind power and small hydro projects with an area of ​​less than five hectares from the mandatory requirement of an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). EIA is an important indicator of environmental and wildlife destruction in a particular area, which is of great concern to conservationists. This poses a serious threat to the ecology of the areas where renewable energy projects are located.

In India, renewable energy projects require panchayat approval. In most cases, evidence of panchayat consent gives a frank conversation. Project developers often use empty claims to provide electricity and economic benefits to poor rural communities to initiate projects.

There is no mechanism to control how much electricity and how many households are supplied locally. A case in point is the 113 MW Andhra Lake wind farm project on the outskirts of the Bhimashankar Wildlife Sanctuary in the Western Ghats of Maharashtra. Villagers living near the project do not have electricity, despite the fact that the project threatens their livelihoods and the area’s rich biodiversity.

While renewable energy projects pose an equal if not greater threat to ecological biodiversity and cause widespread destruction of land and livelihoods, they are rarely criticized. Some possible solutions include giving more power to village panchayats and making mandatory EIA for all renewable energy projects. In addition, providing electricity to people living near renewable energy projects can also help. Greater attention to the social and environmental impacts of these projects will go a long way towards ensuring a fair and equitable development of renewable energy.

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