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Wind and solar produce more than a tenth of the world’s electricity. They are the fourth largest source of electricity after coal, gas and hydropower.
Renewable Energy Generation By Country
This infographic, based on data from Ember, shows the growth of electricity from these two clean sources over the past decade.
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Wind and solar will generate 10.3% of the world’s electricity for the first time in 2021, rising to 9.3% in 2020, doubling their share compared to 2015 when the agreement was signed about the weather in Paris.
In fact, 50 countries (26%) produced more than a tenth of their energy from wind and solar by 2021, with seven countries reaching this mark for the first time: China, Japan, Mongolia, Vietnam, Argentina , Hungary and El Salvador.
Denmark and Uruguay scored 52% and 47% respectively, leading the way in advanced network integration technology.
From a regional perspective, Europe leads in nine of the top 10 countries. On the other hand, the Middle East and Africa are the least countries with 10%.
Subsidy Support Of Energy In Eu Countries, 2012
According to the International Energy Agency (IEA), the sector must reach net-zero globally by 2040 to meet the Paris Agreement’s goal of reducing global warming to 1.5 degree. And to achieve this goal, wind and solar power needs to grow by about 20% per year until 2030.
Despite the increase in renewable energy, the growth of renewable energy in solar and wind lags behind the measures needed to meet the goals of the Paris Agreement.
If the world faces a huge increase in electricity in 2021, solar and wind will only provide 29% of the increase in global electricity demand.
Although greenhouse gas emissions in the power sector are high, there are signs that a global revolution is underway.
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Governments such as the US, Germany, the UK and Canada plan to increase their share of clean electricity over the next decade and a half. Investment is also coming from the private sector, with companies like Amazon and Apple helping to position renewable energy to become bigger buyers overall.
More wind and solar power are being added to the grid than ever before, while renewable energy is expected to provide the vast amount of clean electricity needed to replace fossil fuels.
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Focusing on EV energy vs. Gas Vehicles With the sector’s problems hindering EV adoption, how far can EVs go on a charge, and how do EVs stack up against gas cars?
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EV adoption has grown rapidly in recent years, but many potential buyers are still skeptical about the number of EVs.
In fact, in a survey conducted by EY, 33% of new car buyers cited a range of issues – concerns about how far an EV can go from a full charge – as the top barrier to EV purchase.
So how far can an electric car go on a single charge, and how does it compare to a regular gas car?
Thanks to improvements in battery technology, the average number of electric vehicles has doubled in the last decade, according to data from the International Energy Agency (IEA).
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By 2021, battery-powered cars will be able to travel 217 miles (349 km) on a single charge. This represents a 44% increase over the 151 miles (243 km) in 2017 and a 152% increase over the past ten years.
Despite the steady growth, electric cars are still inferior to gas cars. For example, in 2021, the average range of a gasoline car (on one fuel car) in the United States will be 664 km (413 miles) – almost twice the range of an electric car.
As manufacturers launch new models, the number of electric vehicles may continue to grow and soon catch up with their counterparts. It is important to note that the EV range may change depending on external conditions.
Theoretically, EV range is based on battery capacity and vehicle performance, but actual results may vary due to several factors:
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Conversely, when operating in temperatures up to 70°F (21.5°C), electric vehicles can exceed their performance capabilities, according to a study by Geotab.
Here are the top 10 electric vehicles available in the United States by 2022, according to estimates by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA):
The top-of-the-line Lucid Air offers the longest range of any EV at $170,500, followed by the Tesla Model S. But the Tesla Model 3 offers the best bang for your buck when it comes to range and price is the only two reasons. consider.
Green Steel Energy: Abandoning Hydrogen Production? How will the high end product industry react to climate change? We focus on industrial production and the role of hydrogen in green steel production.
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As the fight against climate change escalates around the world, industries and economies must respond urgently.
Of course, different sectors contribute to different greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and face different decarbonisation processes. A good player? Production of iron and steel, which includes energy production related to 6.1% of global production.
The AFRY infographic below highlights the need to transform and decarbonise steel production and how hydrogen can play a key role in the “green” steel revolution.
This production is spread around the world, including India, Japan and the United States, with the largest amount (1.033 million tons) concentrated in China.
Renewable Energy Production By Country, 2005 — European Environment Agency
Although produced in many different places around the world, two main methods of steel production have been developed and used over time – the Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) and the Basic Oxygen Furnace (BF-BOF ).
For this reason, one of the most important ways to eliminate the steel industry is to replace fossil fuels.
One of the biggest challenges for this industry is undoubtedly the decarbonization and production of “green” steel in a very competitive market.
As an international and cheap commodity, steel production is associated with significant geopolitical issues, including trade disputes and tariffs. But because of climate change, there is also a sudden and huge demand for carbon emissions.
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And hydrogen plays an important role here. Traditionally, steel made in a blast furnace uses coke — a high-grade fuel made by heating coal in the absence of air — as a fuel source to heat the iron pellets and melt some of the pure steel. This creates a large amount of steam to heat the metal to melt (1,200°C) and mix it with wood chips to make steel.
The Green Steel process, on the other hand, uses hydrogen to reduce steel pellets into metallic sponge steel that can be made into steel. This process is also carried out at high temperatures, but below the melting point of the metal (800 – 1,200 ° C), saving energy costs.
And by adding non-fossil fuels to produce steel pellets and renewable electricity to turn sponges and scraps into steel, fossil fuels can be eliminated from the process, significantly reducing emissions.
With the world’s demand for steel, the need for hydrogen and renewable energy to produce green steel is also important.
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According to AFRY and the International Renewable Energy Agency, covering global steel production in 2021 with a green steel approach would require 97.6 million tons of hydrogen.
And for a carbon-free transition to green steel, the energy industry must focus on the production of green hydrogen through electrolysis. Unlike the process of burning natural gas to produce hydrogen, electrolysis splits water (H
Full production of green steel will therefore use green hydrogen, electrolytes used in reactors and additional reactors for all parts of the supply chain:
Currently, the cost of green hydrogen production is higher than traditional fossil fuel processes and depends on the LCOE of renewable energy. This means that they vary by region, but will also decrease as production capacity and subsidies for renewable energy and green hydrogen increase.
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And many of Europe’s major steelmakers are already leading experiments in large-scale green steel plants. Germany alone has at least seven projects in the works, including ArcelorMittal and ThyssenKrupp, two of the top 10 steelmakers.
AFRY is a thought-driven company that provides advisory services and sustainable solutions to combat climate change and lead them to a brighter future.
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Green Power
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Author by : Joao Neiva de Figueiredo
Languange Used : en
Release Date : 2014-02-05
Publisher by : CRC Press
ISBN :
Description : Green Power: Perspectives on Sustainable Electricity Generation provides a systematic overview of the current state of green power and renewable electrical energy production in the world. Presenting eight in-depth case studies of green power production and dissemination, it illustrates the experiences and best practices of various countries on this topic of critical importance. The book’s case studies provide readers with policy, business, and societal perspectives. They examine the differences in each country’s natural endowments, cultural make-up, technological development, public-policy concerns, and institutional incentive structures relative to the advancement of green and sustainable energy. Considers China’s energy profile and what is being done to reduce the country’s reliance on coal Describes the cultural foundations and institutional environment that gave birth to Germany’s energy revolution Supplies an overview of the renewable energy sector in Spain and analyzes its future prospects in light of recent economic difficulties Reports on French Polynesia’s progress in its quest to generate half of its electricity from renewable sources by 2020 Investigates the feasibility of biomass as a large-scale electricity generation option Explores the vision of power generation in space that could solve mankind’s energy needs permanently By illustrating the experiences of other nations, the book outlines valuable lessons learned and best practices that can be extremely helpful to other countries as they seek a greener energy profile. Supplying a timely overview of renewable and non-renewable electric power sources, it provides in-depth analysis of the key factors that affect success. It also identifies practices that have been precursors to failure so you can avoid making the same mistakes in your quest to contribute to the long-overdue advancement of green energy....
Electrical Energy Generation In Europe
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Author by : Jorge Morales Pedraza
Languange Used : en
Release Date : 2015-04-21
Publisher by : Springer
ISBN :
Description : The present book maximizes reader insights into the current and future roles to be played by different types of renewable energy sources and nuclear energy for the purpose of electricity generation in the European region as a whole and in a select group of European countries specifically. This book includes detailed analysis of the different types of renewable energy sources available in different European countries; the pros and cons of the use of the different types of renewables and nuclear energy for electricity generation; which energy options are available in the different European countries to expand their energy sector in the coming years; the impact on the climate and the environment; levels of production and consumption and the level of electricity generated by these energy sources, amongst others. Designed to inform government officials, economists, scientists and the private and public power industry of the key issues surrounding the future role of different renewable energy sources and nuclear energy in the production of electricity within the European region, this book will also describe in detail the evolution of the electrical energy sector in the chosen European region and the problems that several countries are now experiencing in the face of increasing demand for electricity....
Renewable Energy
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Author by : Dmitry Kurochkin
Languange Used : en
Release Date : 2019-06-14
Publisher by : Springer
ISBN :
Description : This book bringing together leading researchers in the field of renewable energy to discuss sustainability on a broad scale and to examine the status quo of renewable energy industry development in a global context. The volume starts with the European Union, then reviews current trends in the United States as well as the Middle East, Central Asia, and Latin America. It moves on to analyze the German transition to one hundred percent renewable energy economy and energy systems (Energiewende) with a climate protection plan and sustainable economic development; and continues on to examine the determinants of the adoption of sustainable solutions in Finland and discuss the renewable energy agenda in the European Union with the 17 Sustainable Development Goals at its core. Climate change has become one of the main global drivers for policy and this book discusses both it’s over all global development as well as spotlighting localized progress across multiple continents. Over one hundred and fifty countries have developing sustainable energy policies, tax incentives, and laws. China remains the leader in renewable energy generation; and countries including the United States, the UK, India, Spain, and Turkey, compete in the Renewable Energy Sector to attract investments. In 2018, global investments in renewables exceeded $200 billion. The state of Bahia in Brazil has been experiencing a surge in wind energy production; and public policy has had a positive effect on that expansion. Kazakhstan is a country with great renewable energy prospects, particularly in wind, hydropower plants, and solar energy. This book is a comprehensive overview and invaluable reference for all those in the renewable energy sector....
Focus On Renewable Energy Sources
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Author by : Giuseppe Scandurra
Languange Used : en
Release Date : 2018
Publisher by :
ISBN :
Description : Energy is one of the main determinants of economic growth, but the high dependence of electricity production by fossil fuels could be a brake for the development of countries which do not have a sufficient level of richness and/or which possess a high level of environmental sensitivity. Countries tend to contrast these limits to growth using a higher percentage of renewable sources for electricity generation, though the technological limits still suffer. Renewable energy sources are appreciated worldwide for their ability to limit significantly the impact of anthropic activities on energy production and counter the gradual appreciation of the raw materials used in the process of traditional generation based on gas and/or oil power plants. Moreover, renewable generation can encourage off-grid generation in the underdeveloped countries.The attention to environmental issues has led several countries to ratify international agreements such as the Kyoto Protocol, Durban Protocol and, more recently, the Paris Agreement; these mandates pledge to reduce emissions of pollutants and to increase the share of energy produced through the use of renewable sources, but the results obtained so far are not encouraging.The relevance of the renewable energy generation and the increase in the investments in a newly installed capacity lead many scholars to investigate the relationship between economic growth and the key factors of the investments in RES. With this volume, the authors want to explore and analyze the causes and consequences of fragmentation and discussing policy responses on promoting renewable energy generation by shedding light on the policies proposed to promote the renewable generation and enhance energy efficiency, their effectiveness in reducing environmental degradation and the promotion of decarbonization, and discussing how developing countries do and should continue to invest in green generation....
World Energy Resources
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Author by : Charles E. Brown
Languange Used : en
Release Date : 2002-03-26
Publisher by : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN :
Description : World Energy Resources is an explanatory energy survey of the countries and major regions of the world, their geographic and economic settings, and signif icant inter-relationships. This book attempts to combine several interacting energy themes that encompass a historical development, energy issues and forecasts, economic geography, environmental programs, and world energy use. The main thrust of this book -World Energy Resources - is based on princi ples of energy science, applied geology, geophysics, and other environmental sciences as they relate to the exploration, exploitation, and production of resources in this country and throughout the world. This work is an analysis of the United States (USA) and world oil, gas, coal, and alternative energy resources and their associated issues, forecasts, and related policy. This book could not have been attempted without a broad geological exposure and international ge ographic awareness. Much information is scattered among federal and state agencies, schools, and other institutions, and this book has attempted to com bine some of the vast information base. This attempt can only skim the infor mation surface at best, but its regional and topical coverage is broad in scope. Part I introduces conventional energy resources and their historical develop ments, and includes chapters 1 to 7. The basic concepts and supporting facts on energy sources are presented here for the general education of energy analysts, policy makers, and scientists that desire a brief review of advanced technologies and history....
Renewable Energy In The Gcc Countries
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Author by : Imern Jeridi Bachellerie
Languange Used : en
Release Date : 2012
Publisher by :
ISBN :
Description : The aim of this book is to help identify the potential role that renewable energy sources (RES) can play in the future energy mix of the GCC countries; it looks closely at the major past and present renewable energy initiatives and policies, as well as industrial and research capabilities in the region, with a specific focus on solar and wind energy technologies. In doing so, this study examines the drivers and requirements for the deployment of these energy sources and their possible integration into sectors as different as electricity generation, water desalination or green building. Illustrated by a wealth of practical cases and studies, and aspiring to be used as a reference book, this study aims to help researchers comprehend the overall capabilities and achievements of the GCC countries in the renewable energy field, so that perspectives on the region's strategic energy issues are objective and sustainable models are encouraged. Even when topics beyond their fields are discussed, researchers from many diverse fields will find the style to be accessible, while information remains detailed and 'technical'. The book's multidisciplinary approach gives voice to all stakeholders without judgment or partisanship, leaving the reader free to form his or her own opinion about the challenges that are at stake, and decide the course of action that is required by the current situation....
Operating And Planning Electricity Grids With Variable Renewable Generation
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Author by : Marcelino Madrigal
Languange Used : en
Release Date : 2013-02-27
Publisher by : World Bank Publications
ISBN :
Description : The paper ‘Challenges and Approaches to Electricity Grids Operations and Planning with Increased Amounts of Variable Renewable Generation: Emerging Lessons from Selected Operational Experiences and Desktop Studies’ focuses on analyzing the impacts of variable renewable energy on the operation and planning of the the power system (mostly, generation system). It is aimed at informing stakeholders in power utilities, regulatory bodies and other relevant audiences, on the fundamentals of technical challenges and approaches to operate electricity grids with renewable energy. It covers renewable energy as a whole, but in particular, focusses on wind and solar energy. It also presents three case studies of countries, including China, Gemany and Spain. The total worldwide installed capacity of wind and solar projects is growing rapidly, and several countries are noticing increased penetrations of wind and solar in their electricity generation mix. In addition to operating experience being gained from adding wind and solar capacity, several grid integration studies have been performed that assess potential grid and operating impacts from adding higher amounts of wind and solar capacity. Perhaps just as important, the electric power industry and those that conduct research on grid integration have not found a maximum level of variable generation that can be reliably incorporated, and it is clear that it is as much an economic question (how much cost in additional reserves or grid impacts is acceptable) as a technical question regarding grid operators’ ability to adapt to the new challenges. In addition, while their contributions to capacity or “firm” power and associated costs are different from those of conventional power sources, variable renewable generation technologies can contribute to long-term system adequacy and security. The paper describes on the contribution of variable power sources to long-term supply adequacy requirements, i.e. how much sources like wind and solar power contribute to “firm supply” in a system. It also describes methods to find out to what extent they contribute and at what cost. It also aims at providing indicative answers to how costs to system operations be determined and when and how an integration study be done to estimate the short-term reserve costs of renewable energy. The concepts in the paper should be of interest, especially to grid planers. For grid operators, the paper summarizes a menu of strategies that the operational practices and desktop research tell about managing wind in a system at different levels of penetration. It also elucidates available strategies, amongst other crucial questions of operational impacts and challenges that operators need to be aware of, to integrate variable generation....
