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Wind and solar produce more than a tenth of the world’s electricity. They are the fourth largest source of electricity after coal, gas and hydropower.
Renewable Energy Generation By Country
This infographic, based on data from Ember, shows the growth of electricity from these two clean sources over the past decade.
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Wind and solar will generate 10.3% of the world’s electricity for the first time in 2021, rising to 9.3% in 2020, doubling their share compared to 2015 when the agreement was signed about the weather in Paris.
In fact, 50 countries (26%) produced more than a tenth of their energy from wind and solar by 2021, with seven countries reaching this mark for the first time: China, Japan, Mongolia, Vietnam, Argentina , Hungary and El Salvador.
Denmark and Uruguay scored 52% and 47% respectively, leading the way in advanced network integration technology.
From a regional perspective, Europe leads in nine of the top 10 countries. On the other hand, the Middle East and Africa are the least countries with 10%.
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According to the International Energy Agency (IEA), the sector must reach net-zero globally by 2040 to meet the Paris Agreement’s goal of reducing global warming to 1.5 degree. And to achieve this goal, wind and solar power needs to grow by about 20% per year until 2030.
Despite the increase in renewable energy, the growth of renewable energy in solar and wind lags behind the measures needed to meet the goals of the Paris Agreement.
If the world faces a huge increase in electricity in 2021, solar and wind will only provide 29% of the increase in global electricity demand.
Although greenhouse gas emissions in the power sector are high, there are signs that a global revolution is underway.
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Governments such as the US, Germany, the UK and Canada plan to increase their share of clean electricity over the next decade and a half. Investment is also coming from the private sector, with companies like Amazon and Apple helping to position renewable energy to become bigger buyers overall.
More wind and solar power are being added to the grid than ever before, while renewable energy is expected to provide the vast amount of clean electricity needed to replace fossil fuels.
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Focusing on EV energy vs. Gas Vehicles With the sector’s problems hindering EV adoption, how far can EVs go on a charge, and how do EVs stack up against gas cars?
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EV adoption has grown rapidly in recent years, but many potential buyers are still skeptical about the number of EVs.
In fact, in a survey conducted by EY, 33% of new car buyers cited a range of issues – concerns about how far an EV can go from a full charge – as the top barrier to EV purchase.
So how far can an electric car go on a single charge, and how does it compare to a regular gas car?
Thanks to improvements in battery technology, the average number of electric vehicles has doubled in the last decade, according to data from the International Energy Agency (IEA).
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By 2021, battery-powered cars will be able to travel 217 miles (349 km) on a single charge. This represents a 44% increase over the 151 miles (243 km) in 2017 and a 152% increase over the past ten years.
Despite the steady growth, electric cars are still inferior to gas cars. For example, in 2021, the average range of a gasoline car (on one fuel car) in the United States will be 664 km (413 miles) – almost twice the range of an electric car.
As manufacturers launch new models, the number of electric vehicles may continue to grow and soon catch up with their counterparts. It is important to note that the EV range may change depending on external conditions.
Theoretically, EV range is based on battery capacity and vehicle performance, but actual results may vary due to several factors:
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Conversely, when operating in temperatures up to 70°F (21.5°C), electric vehicles can exceed their performance capabilities, according to a study by Geotab.
Here are the top 10 electric vehicles available in the United States by 2022, according to estimates by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA):
The top-of-the-line Lucid Air offers the longest range of any EV at $170,500, followed by the Tesla Model S. But the Tesla Model 3 offers the best bang for your buck when it comes to range and price is the only two reasons. consider.
Green Steel Energy: Abandoning Hydrogen Production? How will the high end product industry react to climate change? We focus on industrial production and the role of hydrogen in green steel production.
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As the fight against climate change escalates around the world, industries and economies must respond urgently.
Of course, different sectors contribute to different greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and face different decarbonisation processes. A good player? Production of iron and steel, which includes energy production related to 6.1% of global production.
The AFRY infographic below highlights the need to transform and decarbonise steel production and how hydrogen can play a key role in the “green” steel revolution.
This production is spread around the world, including India, Japan and the United States, with the largest amount (1.033 million tons) concentrated in China.
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Although produced in many different places around the world, two main methods of steel production have been developed and used over time – the Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) and the Basic Oxygen Furnace (BF-BOF ).
For this reason, one of the most important ways to eliminate the steel industry is to replace fossil fuels.
One of the biggest challenges for this industry is undoubtedly the decarbonization and production of “green” steel in a very competitive market.
As an international and cheap commodity, steel production is associated with significant geopolitical issues, including trade disputes and tariffs. But because of climate change, there is also a sudden and huge demand for carbon emissions.
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And hydrogen plays an important role here. Traditionally, steel made in a blast furnace uses coke — a high-grade fuel made by heating coal in the absence of air — as a fuel source to heat the iron pellets and melt some of the pure steel. This creates a large amount of steam to heat the metal to melt (1,200°C) and mix it with wood chips to make steel.
The Green Steel process, on the other hand, uses hydrogen to reduce steel pellets into metallic sponge steel that can be made into steel. This process is also carried out at high temperatures, but below the melting point of the metal (800 – 1,200 ° C), saving energy costs.
And by adding non-fossil fuels to produce steel pellets and renewable electricity to turn sponges and scraps into steel, fossil fuels can be eliminated from the process, significantly reducing emissions.
With the world’s demand for steel, the need for hydrogen and renewable energy to produce green steel is also important.
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According to AFRY and the International Renewable Energy Agency, covering global steel production in 2021 with a green steel approach would require 97.6 million tons of hydrogen.
And for a carbon-free transition to green steel, the energy industry must focus on the production of green hydrogen through electrolysis. Unlike the process of burning natural gas to produce hydrogen, electrolysis splits water (H
Full production of green steel will therefore use green hydrogen, electrolytes used in reactors and additional reactors for all parts of the supply chain:
Currently, the cost of green hydrogen production is higher than traditional fossil fuel processes and depends on the LCOE of renewable energy. This means that they vary by region, but will also decrease as production capacity and subsidies for renewable energy and green hydrogen increase.
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And many of Europe’s major steelmakers are already leading experiments in large-scale green steel plants. Germany alone has at least seven projects in the works, including ArcelorMittal and ThyssenKrupp, two of the top 10 steelmakers.
AFRY is a thought-driven company that provides advisory services and sustainable solutions to combat climate change and lead them to a brighter future.
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